土耳其共和国（土耳其文：Türkiye Cumhuriyeti，英语：The Republic of Turkey），简称土耳其，是一个横跨欧亚两洲的国家，北临黑海，南临地中海，东南与叙利亚、伊拉克接壤，西临爱琴海，并与希腊以及保加利亚接壤，东部与格鲁吉亚、亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆和伊朗接壤。
土耳其地理位置和地缘政治战略意义极为重要，是连接欧亚的十字路口。 土耳其人是属于欧洲人种的地中海原住民的后裔，奥斯曼一世在1299年建立奥斯曼帝国。到1453年5月29日，穆罕默德二世攻陷君士坦丁堡，灭拜占庭帝国，至16世纪和17世纪，尤其是苏莱曼一世时期达到鼎盛，统治区域地跨欧、亚、非三大洲。故奥斯曼帝国的君主苏丹视自己为天下之主，土耳其继承了东罗马帝国的文化和伊斯兰文化，因而东西文明在其得以统合。19世纪时国力开始衰落，1914年8月奥斯曼帝国在第一次世界大战中加入同盟国作战，并于1918年战败。丧失了大片领土，帝国从此土崩瓦解。1919年，土耳其击退外国侵略者，1923年10月29日建立土耳其共和国。
[1] 土耳其为欧洲国家
[2] ，在政治、经济、文化等领域均实行欧洲模式，是欧盟的候选国。宪法规定土耳其为民主、政教分离和实行法制的国家
[3] 。 土耳其外交重心在西方，在与美国保持传统战略伙伴关系的同时加强与欧洲国家的关系
[4] 。 土耳其是北约成员国，又为经济合作与发展组织创始会员国及二十国集团的成员。拥有雄厚的工业基础，为发展中的新兴经济体，亦是全球发展最快的国家之一。
Turkey Republic (Turkey: t u rkiye Cumhuriyeti, English: The Republic of Turkey), referred to Turkey, is across the countries of Europe and Asia, the Black Sea to the North, South and Eastern Mediterranean, South-East and Syria, and Iraq border, West of the Aegean Sea and Greece and Bulgaria border, in eastern Georgia, and Armenia, and Azerbaijan and Iran border.
Turkey location and geo-political strategic importance connecting the crossroads of Europe and Asia. Turkey who belong to the race of Europe Eastern Mediterranean native descent, aosimanyishi at the 1299 established the Ottoman Empire. On May 29, 1453, Sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople, destroyed the Byzantine Empire to 16th century and 17th century, in particular, reached its peak during the period of Suleiman I, ruled areas across three continents Europe, Asia and Africa. Monarchy of the Ottoman Empire Sultan sees himself as Lord of the world, Turkey has inherited the culture of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Islamic culture and civilization in its integrated. 19th century national strength began to decline in August 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the central powers in the first world war fighting, and in 1918 was defeated. Loss of large areas of the territory, the empire fell apart. In 1919, Turkey fought off foreign invaders, established on October 29, 1923 Republic of Turkey.
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